Small old vines over 70 years old, some of them pre-phylloxera vines over 100 years old. Yields of less than 1 kg of grapes per plant. Plots are staggered at various altitudes, ranging between 400 and 650 m in Rioja Alta and in terraces up to 740 m in Rioja Alavesa.
Gravity vatting, no pumping over. Slow whole-grain alcoholic fermentation in small stainless steel tanks and wooden vats with indigenous yeast. Prolonged maceration, but avoiding over- extraction. Malo-lactic fermentation in French oak barrels. All movements by
gravity and with the utmost care.
